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A teenager in Italy lately shell some incredible odds when he survived for 42 min submersed , according to news program reports .
The 14 - yr - quondam male child , identified only as " Michael " by the Italian newspaperMilan Chronicle , reportedly dive off a bridge into a duct with some friends last month and never resurfaced . His foot became caught on something submerged and it took firefighters and other first responders nearly an hour to free him from the depth . Though Michael remain on life support for an intact month , he latterly waken up and seems to be doing fine , Time reported .
While Michael ’s story is certainly unusual , it ’s not unheard of for mass to survive extend stints underwater , harmonize to Dr. Zianka Fallil , a brain doctor at North Shore - LIJ ’s Cushing Neuroscience Institute in New York . Fallil , who called the teenager ’s recovery " quite remarkable , " tell Live Science that there are two physiological processes that may amount into play when a person is submerged underwater for an extended catamenia of time with no O .
Related : Undersea Miracle : How Man in Sunken Ship Survived 3 day
The first of these processes is have it away as the " diving inborn reflex , " or bradycardic reply , a physiological response that has been observe most strongly in aquatic mammal , but which is also trust to take position in humans . ( This is the same physiological reaction that results in newbornbabies prevail their breathand open their eyes when submerged in weewee ) . When a someone ’s grimace is submerse in water , blood vas constrict and the heart slacken down considerably , Fallil explain . Blood is then diverted to parts of the body that call for it most .
" The soundbox protect the most efficient variety meat — the brainpower , the warmness , the kidneys — and pulls the blood away from the extremities and other , not - as - essential , organs , " Fallil said .
The diving event reflex is often name as the thing that save mass from nearly drown . However , it ’s unmanageable to learn this reflex in humans ( likely because of the obvious dangers of recreating near - drown experiences in a lab ) , said Fallil , who pointed to another , less controversial account for how people survive long stretch underwater — the selective brain chill conjecture .
" The selective brain cooling surmisal [ state ] that , the quickerthe braincools , the more likely it is to hold out , " she said .
When you ’re immersed in cold water for a prolonged period of meter , your dead body may carry out several process that let chill blood line to get into the brain , agree to Fallil . One of these process , hypercapnic vasodilation , appears when the body retains carbon dioxide as a outcome of not breathe . This extra atomic number 6 dioxide causes line of descent vessels in your Einstein to dilate ( become wider ) , which in turn permit more cool line of descent to enter the mastermind .
While the selective brainpower cooling hypothesis has also not been wide try in human , it ’s see a more probable account for how the brain might be protected during episodes of prolonged submersion than the diving reflex , Fallil say . And there have also been several other studies acquit to see what agent , besides the body ’s reflexes , can avail you survive underwater .
" There are a few studies that have calculate at near - drown victims to see if age , the duration of submersion or the temperature of the water had anything to do with endurance , " Fallil order . " And the one matter that they did find a correlation with was time of submersion . "
One subject , write in the diary Resuscitationin 2002 , found that submersion time serves as a predictor of endurance for near - drowning victim . The average amount of sentence spent underwater by the 61 patients in the discipline was 10 minutes . But , the affected role who spent less time underwater ( just five minutes ) had the least amount of neurologic disability after the incident . The dupe who did n’t survive spent an norm of 16 minutes underwater . Asimilar study , impart in 2013 , found that there was a very scummy likelihood of a " dear resultant " following a submersion lasting longer than 10 minutes .
However , neither of these subject field found a strong correlation between the likelihood of survival and the temperature of the water system in which a person was submerged , or a soul ’s historic period . So while several news program reports about the Italian stripling ’s torturous 42 - min trial by ordeal have concluded that his survival was a result of his youthor the comparatively cold temperature of the Milanese canal in April , these are actually just guessing . It ’s just as potential that he survived because he received excellent medical attention , including the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation , or ECMO ( a form of life support that slay carbon dioxide from the blood and oxygenate scarlet blood cells ) , Fallil say .
