In 1781, the crew of the British slave shipZongthrew African captives overboard after the ship started running low on supplies on the way to Jamaica.
Public DomainLike in this print , captive Africans were thrown overboard in the 1781 Zong Massacre .
There ’s a patch of ocean in the Atlantic Ocean called “ the Doldrums ” which is famous for its stillness . There ’s little jazz , little movement . But on one outrageous day in 1781 , hollo punctured the usual calm as a slave ship threw over 100 captive Africans into the sea in the Zong Massacre .
The crew of the slave shipZong , batter by malady and running low on piddle , made the cruel decision when their journey to Jamaica accept longer than expected . They jettisoned more than 100 captives over several days , who , still chained , apace sank beneath the wafture .
Public DomainLike in this print, captive Africans were thrown overboard in the 1781 Zong Massacre.
The Doldrums might have incessantly maintain what happened during the Zong Massacre enigma , but once the slave ship arrived at port in Jamaica , its proprietor tried to withhold his losses by file an insurance policy title . In the wake , courts debate not whether the ship ’s bunch had commit murder but whether they should be overcompensate for “ lost ” freight .
The Doomed Voyage Of The Slave ShipZong
Before its opprobrium , theZongwas just one of the many slave ship that transport captive people from Africa across the Atlantic Ocean . In the 18th C alone , an calculate six to seven million Africans were wrenched from their homelands and sell into slavery in the “ New World , ” perHISTORY .
TheZong , a Dutch ship purchased by slave trader William Gregson in 1781 , put out on its doomed journey that August . By the clip it left Accra for Jamaica , it had 442 Africans aboard — more than double over its capacity .
University of BrightonThe slave shipZongwhere the butchery take spot .
University of BrightonThe slave shipZongwhere the massacre took place.
TheDaily Mailreports that some of the enslaved hoi polloi onboard had spent more than a twelvemonth aboard theZong , as the ship had slowly made its way along the African coast , picking up captives . Like on other hard worker ships , they were crammed below deck where illness shortly ran rearing .
The Zong Massacre took place two months later when the crowd of the ship , beleaguered by illness and delays , realized they were go low on piddle .
How The Zong Massacre Unfolded At Sea
Library of CongressA depiction of how enslave Africans were crammed onto slave ships . When theZongleft Accra , it held over 400 captive , or double up its capability .
TheZongwas already endure from unwellness and low water supplying when someone onboard made a terrible error . After spy Jamaica , theDaily Mailreports they erroneously believe that their destination was in reality a hostile Gallic settlement . So , the ship sailed away .
By the end of November , theZonghad sailed straight into a piece of the Atlantic Ocean called “ the Doldrums , ” where a want of wind brought their journey to a halt . According toBlack Past , disease apace spread throughout the strand ship , killing 17 crew members and more than 50 of the Africans .
Library of CongressA depiction of how enslaved Africans were crammed onto slave ships. When theZongleft Accra, it held over 400 captives, or double its capacity.
On Nov. 29 , 1781 , the surviving appendage of theZongcrew decide to take action . They made the remorseless conclusion to throw off dozens of their African captives overboard so as to preserve the ship ’s body of water supplies .
Over the next several days , the gang of theZongadvanced their murderous plot . TheDaily Mailreports that they jettison over 50 women and children on the first day , then continued with almost 70 more people , who , chained , sank screaming into the sea . Though one English - speak African begged the gang to let them live , promising that he and the others could hold out without food or urine until they reached Jamaica , he was ignore .
Musée de la MarineA portrayal of the 1781 Zong Massacre .
Musée de la MarineA depiction of the 1781 Zong Massacre.
In all , 133 captive Africans were killed during the Zong Massacre . Most were forcibly flip overboard by the ship ’s bunch , but some select to jump and take their own life . By the time theZongfinally arrived in Black River , Jamaica , it had just 208 enslaved Africans onboard .
What had happened at ocean might have stayed a grisly secret among the bunch , but after the ship ’s arrival in Jamaica its possessor William Gregson filed an policy claim for his lost “ cargo . ”
The Legal Aftermath Of The Zong Massacre
AsHistory Extraexplains , slavers like William Gregson did n’t see wrapped Africans as people but as cargo . To recoup his losses , he filed an insurance claim , reason that a navigational error had given the ship ’s crew no choice but to jettison piles of African captives to lay aside the others .
His insurers refused to bear , so Gregson took them to court . He pull ahead a legal triumph which check that the bump off captives were the same as lost cargo . But when the insurers appealed the decision — indicate that the crew was at demerit , but not that they ’d trust murder — the showcase landed on the desk of the British judge Lord Mansfield .
“ The case of the slaves was the same as if horse had been thrown overboard , ” Mansfield remark . “ It is a very scandalous case … ”
Public DomainLord Mansfield compared the Zong Massacre to throwing horses overboard.
Public DomainLord Mansfield compared the Zong Massacre to throwing horse overboard .
The judge ordered a retrial in decree to look into title that the senior pilot and his gang had been at shift . ThoughThe Guardiannotes that such a test never take place , the Zong Massacre was n’t forgotten .
rather , the account was blame up by Olaudah Equiano , a formerly - enslave abolitionist who ’d been abduct from Africa at the long time of eight . Equiano notified anti - slavery candidate Granville Sharp , who argued that the Zong Massacre was nothing scant of murder . He even tried — to no avail — to urge felonious charge against the ship ’s gang .
The gang was never charge , but the story of the Zong Massacre quickly circularise . Sharp was able to enlist the assistance of local Quakers , whoHistory Extrareports began their own campaign against the striver swop . Before long , abolitionism spread across England .
“ The Zong case lit the blue sense of touch theme in England , ” James Walvin , who write a book on the Zong Massacre calledThe Zong : A Massacre , the Law & the End of Slavery , toldThe Guardian . “ [ I]t aroused emancipationist ire , and feed into the initial campaigns against the Atlantic hard worker trade . ”
Though Britain get rid of the slave trade in 1807 , it look at another few decades for the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833 to end thraldom in British colonies .
Today , the Zong Massacre stands as a for the most part forgotten but important chapter in the dread account of the Atlantic slave swop . Not only does it encapsulate the horror that some enwrapped Africans faced at sea , but it also aid conjure up sound — and moral – questions about slavery itself .
After reading about the Zong Massacre , go inside the wrenching story ofIgbo Landing , when dozens of confined Africans choose to swim themselves rather than submit to thrall . Or , discover the chronicle ofQueen Nzinga , the 17th - century African ruler who fought off slavers .
