Tired of racism in Missouri, George Washington Bush decided to explore the American frontier. And in 1844, he became the first Black man to settle in Washington Territory.
In 1844 , a group of American pioneers headed west out of Missouri . Like the countless others who ventured west , they hoped for a dependable life on the American frontier . But unlike most frontiersmen , this group let in one unusual extremity : a free Black man named George Washington Bush .
Henderson House MuseumNo one knows precisely what George Washington Bush expect like — this study is from 1969 .
Seventeen long time before the Civil War , costless Black multitude were rare in the United States , making up just 1.5 per centum of the full population . But Bush was not only free — he had helped to fund the entire trip .
Henderson House MuseumNo one knows exactly what George Washington Bush looked like — this sketch is from 1969.
This is the noteworthy story of the mankind wide recognized as the first Black pioneer to settle the Pacific Northwest .
George Washington Bush’s Struggles With Racism
George Washington Bush ( some historian believe that Washington was not his middle name , however ) was an unusual human race for his fourth dimension . By the time he was stand around 1790 , the newly - organise United States had almost 700,000 slaves , yet Bush was born loose — and to mixed parent . This was 150 years before mixed marriage would even be legal across the entire U.S.
His mother was an Irish - American maid and his Father of the Church was either asailor of African descentor from India .
Despite the racism that diffuse America , Bush lived his early years in Pennsylvania like many other youthful men in America . He struggle in the U.S. Army , explored the land as a fur trader , and made money raising oxen . In 1830 , he get married a white woman named Isabella James and ensconce in Missouri to levy their nine sons .
Library of CongressA map of the United States from 1856 showing free states, slave states, and territories.
But because of his skin color , George Washington Bush was tormented by racism — specially in the year lead up to the Civil War . By 1844 , this prompted him to move even farther West .
Library of CongressA map of the United States from 1856 showing free states , slave province , and territories .
“ As far as I know , he was having a hard prison term in Missouri,”said one of his descendant , Emma Belle Bush , discussing his move West . “ masses would not sell him anything because they said he was a Negro . ”
National California/Oregon Trail CenterA depiction of life on the Oregon Trail.
One of George Washington Bush ’s contemporary , the pioneer Ezra Meeker , endorse this . “ George Bush doubtless lead Missouri because of the virulent prejudice against his race . ”
So it was that in May 1844 , Bush and his sept joined a group of his friends and neighbors and headed toward the Oregon Territory . The political party included four white folk — and Bush helped pay for their wagons and provision .
Exclusion From Oregon Territory
National California / Oregon Trail CenterA characterization of life on the Oregon Trail .
George Washington Bush and the trailblazer were hopeful for a fresh start in the Oregon Territory . But Bush nevertheless vex that racism would n’t be so easy to outrun .
“ He say me he should look on , when we got to Oregon , what usage was awarded to people of color , ” recall John Minto , a member of Bush ’s party . “ If he could not have a liberal man ’s rights he would search the protection of the Mexican government in California or New Mexico . ”
Washington State Historical SocietyBush Prairie, the Bush family homestead, in 1909.
Bush ’s awe were not idle .
A few calendar month before he and his political party get in in Oregon , the Oregon provisional government take the Black Exclusion Law — which made it illegal for bootleg mass to settle there . Anyone who dared defy the law would be whipped 39 times , in public , every six monthsuntil they left the Oregon Territory .
The five house on the lead made a decision . If one of them could n’t settle in Oregon , then none of them would .
or else , they become north . Bush and the others decide along the Deschutes River , where he established his novel house on Bush Prairie in what is now the state of Washington .
George Washington Bush’s Legacy In Washington State To This Day
Washington State Historical SocietyBush Prairie , the Bush family homestead , in 1909 .
As an other colonist in the Pacific Northwest , George Washington Bush build a report as a kind and caring military personnel .
He got along with both the Indigenous Americans living in the area — Bush even learned their linguistic process — and with unexampled settlers . During strong clock time , he did n’t hesitate to share what he had .
“ [ Bush ] divided out well-nigh his whole harvest to new settler who came with or without money , ” said Meeker . “ He became a helper to the whole community . ”
In number , the community take care of Bush . When it seemed that he might fall behind the claim to his land — because a fresh law said only White could own demesne — his neighbour petition the Washington Territory legislative body to free Bush . The legislature agreed .
He passed his exemplary nature on to his children . In 1889 , his eldest son , William , became the first African American to dish in the Washington general assembly .
When George Washington Bush died on April 5 , 1863 , he left behind a powerful bequest for those who knew him . However , his memory faded in the following years as account of white pioneer took precedence .
But today , a new monument has been planned for Washington State ’s capitol building in hopes of regenerate his memory .
“ To have [ Bush ] and his crime syndicate agnise at the nation level in this agency is huge,”said Stephanie Johnson - Toliver , Chief Executive of the Black Heritage Society of Washington State .
His monument will be near a butternut Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree from Missouri which Bush planted when he first come West in lookup of a well life-time .
After determine about George Washington Bush , check out these 48 incrediblephotos of the American frontier . Then , determine about theBlack cowboyswho descend the West .
